Conwy Castle, situated in the walled market town of Conwy in North Wales, is one of the most impressive and well-preserved medieval fortresses in Britain. Built during the late 13th century under the orders of King Edward I of England, Conwy Castle stands as a symbol of English conquest, military ingenuity, and architectural brilliance. Over the centuries, it has witnessed sieges, revolts, and changing political tides, making it a vital monument for understanding Welsh history and the medieval British landscape.

This article explores the detailed history of Conwy Castle—from its conception and construction during the Edwardian conquest of Wales, through its military and political role, to its later decline and modern preservation.

Historical Context: The Conquest of Wales

The Welsh Principalities and English Kingship

By the 13th century, Wales was divided into several independent principalities. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, known as Llywelyn the Last, had unified much of Wales and sought to maintain Welsh independence.

King Edward I of England, aiming to assert his authority, launched a campaign to conquer Wales in 1277 and renewed it in 1282.

The Importance of Castles in Edward’s Conquest

Edward I implemented a strategy of castle-building to consolidate control, protect his garrisons, and impose English law. Castles served as military bases, administrative centers, and symbols of English power. shutdown123